SMALL HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES

6. Water level and velocity control structures. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 General features of checks or cross regulators. 6.3 Checks with fixed overall crest without movable controls. 6.3.1 General. 6.3.2 Hydraulic design. 6.3.3 Design example (Diagonal weir) 6.3.4 Design examples (Duckbill weir) 6.3.5 Check-slab structures (Mexico) 6.4 Checks regulated by stop planks (Drops Bars) 6.4.1 General. 6.4.2 Drop-bar structures (Victoria, Australia) 6.5 Checks equipped with hand operated gates. 6.5.1 General. 6.5.2 Standard check (USBR) 6.5.3 Check structures made of sheet metal. 6.5.4 Wooden checks. 6.5.5 Portable checks. 6.5.6 Radial gate checks. 6.5.7 The Romijn gate. 6.6 Hydraulically automated checks (Neyrpic) 6.6.1 General structures and application 6.6.2 Range of standard gates available. 6.7 Semi automatic time controlled check. 6.8 Check structures combined with a fall, drop or chute. 6.9 General features of drops (or falls) and chutes. 6.10 Vertical drops (or falls) 6.10.1 General. 6.10.2 Sarda-type fall(India) 6.10.3 Rectangular weir drop with raised crest. 6.10.4 Vertical check-drop(USBR) 6.10.5 YMGT-type drop(Japan) 6.11 Inclined drops and chutes. 6.11.1 General. 6.11.2 Standing wave flume falls (India) 6.11.3 Flume type fall (CDO, Punjab, India) 6.11.4 USBR rectangular inclined drop. 6.11.5 Rubble cascade inclined drop. 6.12 Piped drops. 6.12.1 General. 6.12.2 Well drop regulator (U.S.S.R) 6.12.3 Well type drop (India) 6.12.4 Pipe drops (India) 6.12.5 inclined pipe drop (U.S.A) 6.12.6 Inclined pipe drop (U.S.S.R). 6.13 Farm drop structures 6.13.1 General. 6.13.2 Head wall drops with gravel basin. 6.13.3 Cement block check and drop. 6.13.4 Concrete check drop. 6.13.5 Wooden drop 6.13.6 Piped drops 6.13.7 Sloping rock drop. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Sharp crested measuring weirs. 7.3 The Romijn Broad crested weir. 7.4 The Parshall flume. 7.5 The standing wave measuring flume. 7.6 The cut-throat flume. 7.7 The concrete (cast-in-place) trapezoidal measuring flume. 7.8 Use of culverts as measuring devices. 7.9 Propeller meters. 7.10 Deflection meters 7.11 The Dethridge meter. 7.12 The constant head orifice turnout. 7.13 Calibration of measuring structures.

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