Environmental science: The way the world works / Bernard J. Nebel and Richard T. Wright

1. Environmentalism- Silent Spring, Loud Reaction, Early Results Were Encouraging, Environmentalism acquires Its Critics. 2. The Global Environmental Picture - Population Growth, Degradation of Soils, Global Atmospheric Changes, Loss of Biodiversity, Toward the Future. 3. Sustainable Development - A New Meaning of Development, The New Environmentalists. 4. The Structure of Ecosystems - Biotic Structure, Abiotic Factors. 5. Different Regions Support Distinct Ecosystems - Climate, Microclimate and Other Abiotic Factors, Biotic Factors, Physical Barriers. 6. Implications for Humans. 7. Elements, life, and Energy - Organization of Elements in Living and Nonliving Systems, Energy Considerations, Matter and Energy Changes in Organisms and Ecosystems. 8. Principles of Ecosystem Function - Nutrient Cycling, Running on Solar Energy, Prevention of Overgrazing. 9. Ecosystem Balance Is Population Balance - Biotic Potential versus Environmental Resistance, Density Dependence and Critical Numbers. 10. Mechanisms of Population Balance - Predator-Prey and Host-Parasite Balances, When Balances are Absent, Territoriality, Plant-Herbivore Balance, Carrying Capacity, Balances among Competing Plants. 11. Population Growth Curve. 12. Ecological Succession - Primary Succession, Secondary Succession, Aquatic Succession, Succession and Biodiversity, Fire and Succession. 13. The Fourth Principle of Ecosystem Sustainability 14. Selection by the Environment - Change through Selective Breeding, Change through Natural Selection, Adaptations to the Environment. 15. Selection of Traits and Genes - Genetic Variation and Gene Pools, Mutations-the Source of New Alleles. 16. Changes in Species and Ecosystems - Speciation, Developing Ecosystems, How Rapid Is Evolution, The Limits of Change. 17. Global Changes - Tectonic Plates, An Overview of Evolution, The Human Animal. 18. The Population Explosion and Its Cause - The Explosion, Reasons for the Explosion. 19. Different Worlds - Rich Nations and Poor Nations, Population Growth In Rich and Poor Nations, Different Populations Present Different Problems. 20. Environmental and Social Impacts of Growing Populations and Affluence - The Growing Populations of Developing Nations, Effects of Increasing Affluence, Summing Up. 21. Dynamics of Population Growth - Population Profiles, Population Projections, Population Momentum, Changing Fertility Rates and the Demographic Transition. 22. Population and Development - Promoting the Development of Low-Income Countries, Successes and Failures of the World Bank, Development or Exploitation of the Poor, The Debt Crisis. 23. Reassessing the Demographic Transition - Factors Influencing Family Size, Conclusions. 24. A New Direction for Development - Education, Improving Health, Making Contraceptives Available, Enhancing Income, Improving Resource Management Putting It All Together. 25. The Cairo Conference. 26. Crops and Animals: Major Patterns of Food Production - The Development of Modern Industrialized Agriculture, Subsistence Agriculture in the Developing World, Animal Farming and its Consequences, Prospects for Increasing Food Production. 27. Food Distribution and Trade - Patterns in Food Trade, Levels of Responsibility in Supplying Food. 28. Hunger, Malnutrition, and Famine - Extent and Consequences of Hunger, Root Cause of Hunger, Famine, Food Aid. 29. Building Sustainability into the Food Arena - Sustainable Agriculture, Final Thoughts on Hunger. 30. Plants and Soil - Soil for Supporting Plants, Soil as an Ecosystem. 31. Losing Ground - Bare Soil, Erosion, and Desertification, Causing and Correcting Erosion, The Other End of the Erosion Problem, Irrigation, Salinization, and Desertification, "Greening" Farm Policy. 32. The Need for Pest Control - Defining Pests, The Importance of Pest Control, Crop Losses Due to Pests, Different Philosophies of Pest Control. 33. Promises and Problems of the Chemical Approach - Development of Chemical Pesticides and Their Successes, Problems Stemming from Chemical Pesticide Use, Nonpersistent Pesticides: Are They the Answer. 34. Alternative Pest Control Methods - Cultural Control, Control by Natural Enemies, Genetic Control, Natural Chemical Control. 35. Socioeconomic Issues in Pest Management - Pressures to Use Pesticides, Organically Grown Food, Integrated Pest Management. 36. Public Policy - FIFRA and Its Problems, The Delaney Clause, Pesticides in Developing Countries, New Policy Needs. 37. The Water Cycle - Evaporation, Condensation, and Purification, Precipitation, Water over and through the Ground, Summary of the Water Cycle. 38. Human Impacts on the Water Cycle - Changing the Surface of Earth, Polluting the Water Cycle, Withdrawing Water Supplies. 39. Sources and Uses of Fresh Water. 40. Overdrawing Water Resources - Consequences of Overdrawing Surface Waters, Consequences of Overdrawing Groundwater. 41. Obtaining More Water . 42. Using Less Water - Irrigation, Municipal Systems. 43. Desalting Sea Water. 44. Stormwater Mismanagement and Management - Mismanagement and Its Consequences, Improving Stormwater Management, Groping for a Better Way. 45. The Process of Eutrophication - Different Kinds of Aquatic Plants, Upsetting the Balance by Nutrient Enrichment, Additional Factors Contributing to Eutrophication, Global Extent. 46. Combating the Symptoms of Eutrophication - Chemical Treatments, Aeration, Harvesting Excessive Plant Growth, Dredging. 47. Long-Term Strategies for Correction - Banning Phosphate Detergents and Advanced Sewage Treatment, Controlling Agricultural Runoff, Controlling Urban Runoff, Controlling Sediments from Construction and Mining Sites, Controlling Strearnbank Erosion, Protecting Wedands, Controlling Air Pollution. 48. Sewage Hazards and Potential - Health Hazards of Untreated Sewage, Development of Collection and Treatment Systems. 49. Sewage Management and Treatment - The Pollutants in Raw Sewage, Removing the Pollutants from Sewage, Sludge Treatment Options, Alternative Treatment Systems, Individual Septic Systems. 50. Impediments to Recycling Sewage Products - Contamination with Toxic Materials, Public Opinion. 51. The Nature of Chemical Risks: HAZMATS - Sources of Chemicals Entering the Environment, Toxic Chemicals Presenting a Long-Term Threat, Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification, Interaction between Pollutants and Pathogens. 52. A History of Mismanagement - Indiscriminate Disposal, Methods of Land Disposal, Scope of the Problem. 53. Cleaning Up the Mess - Assuring Safe Drinking Water, Groundwater Remediation, Superfund for Toxic Sites. 54. Management of New Wastes - The Clean Air and Water Acts, The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Reduction of Accidents and Accidental Exposures. 55. Looking Toward the Future: Pollution Avoidance - Too Many or Too Few Regulations, Pollution Avoidance for a Sustainable Society. 56. Atmospheric and Air Pollution Essentials - Structure of the Atmosphere, Atmospheric Pollution and Cleansing, The Appearance of Smogs, The Clean Air Act. 57. Major Air Pollutants and Their Impact - Major Pollutants, Adverse Effects of Air Pollution on Humans, Plants, and Materials. 58. Pollutant Sources - Primary Pollutants, Secondary Pollutants. 59. Bringing Air Pollution Under Control - Control Strategies. 60. Indoor Air Pollution - Sources of Indoor Pollution, Public Policy on Indoor Pollution. 61. Taking Stock - The Cost of Controlling Air Pollution, Future Directions. 62. Acid Deposition - Acids and Bases, Extent and Potency of Acid Precipitation, Sources of Acid Deposition, Effects of Acid Deposition, Coping with Acid Deposition. 63. Global Warming - The Earth as a Greenhouse, The Carbon Dioxide Story, Other Greenhouse Gases, Amount of Warming and Its Probable Effects, Coping with Global Warming. 64. Depletion of the Ozone Shield - Nature and Importance of the Shield, Formation and Breakdown of the Shield, Coming to Grips with Ozone Depletion. 65. Origins of Environmental Public Policy - The Needs for Environmental Public Policy, Relationships Between Economic Development and the Environment, Public Policy Development: The Policy Life Cycle. 66. Economic Effects of Environmental Public Policy - Costs of Policies, Impact on the Economy. 67. Implementing Environmental Public Policy - Adopting Good Policies, Policy Options: Market or Regulatory. 68.

Cost-Benefit Analysis - The Costs of Environmental Regulation, The Benefits of Environmental Regulation, Cost Effectiveness, Problems in Comparing Costs and Benefits, Progress and Public Support. 69. Risk Analysis - Risk Analysis by the EPA, Risk Perception, Risk Management. 70. The Public and Public Policy. 71. Saving Wild Species - Game Animals in the United States, The Endangered Species Act. 72. Value of Wild Species - Biological Wealth, Instrumental versus Intrinsic Value, Sources for Agriculture, Forestry; Aquaculture, and Animal Husbandry, Sources for Medicine, Commercial Value, Recreational, Aesthetic, and Scientific Value, Intrinsic Value. 73. Biodiversity - The Decline of Biodiversity, Reasons for the Decline, Consequences of Losing Biodiversity, International Steps to Protect Biodiversity, Further Steps. 74. Ecosystems under Pressure - Forests and Woodlands, Ocean Ecosystems. 75. Biological Systems in a Global Perspective - Major Systems and Their Services, Ecosystems as Natural Resources. 76. Conservation and Preservation - Patterns of Use of Natural Ecosystems, Public Lands in the United States, Private Land Trusts. 77. The Solid Waste Problem - Disposing of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills, Combustion: Waste to Energy, Costs of Municipal Solid Waste Disposal. 78. Solutions - Reducing Waste Volume, The Recycling Solution, Composting. 79. Public Policy and Waste Management - The Regulatory Perspective, Integrated Waste Management. 80. Energy Sources and Uses - Harnessing Energy Sources: An Overview, Electrical Power Production, Connecting Sources to Uses. 81. Declining Reserves of Crude Oil - How Fossil Fuels Are Formed, Crude Oil Reserves versus Production, Declining U.S. Reserves and Increasing Importation, The Oil Crisis of the 1970s, Adjusting to Higher Prices, Victims of Our Success, Problems of Growing U.S. Dependency on Foreign Oil. 82. Alternative Fossil Fuels - Natural Gas, Coal, Oil Shales and Tar Sands. 83. Global Warming-A Limiting Factor. 84. Sustainable Energy Options - Conservation, Development of Non-Fossil-Fuel Energy Sources. 85. Nuclear Power: Dream or Delusion. 86. How Nuclear Power Works - From Mass to Energy. 87. Radioactive Materials and Their Hazards - Radioactive Emissions, Radioactive Wastes, The Potential for Accidents, Safety and Nuclear Power, Economic Problems with Nuclear Power. 88. More Advanced Reactors - Breeder Reactors, Fusion Reactors, Cold Fusion. 89. The Future of Nuclear Power - Opposition, Rebirth of Nuclear Power. 90. Principles of Solar Energy. 91. Putting Solar Energy to Work - Solar Heating of Water, Solar Space Heating, What's Delaying Solar Homes, Solar Production of Electricity, The Promise of Solar Energy, Solar Production of Hydrogen-The Fuel of the Future. 92. Indirect Solar Energy - Hydropower, Wind Power, Biomass Energy; or Bioconversion, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion . 93. Additional Renewable Energy Options - Geothermal Energy, Tidal Power. 94. Policy for a Sustainable Energy Future. 95. From Urban Structure to Urban Sprawl - The Origins of Urban Sprawl, Environmental Impacts of Urban Sprawl. 96. Social Consequences of Exurban Migration - Economic and Ethnic Segregation, The Vicious Cycle of Urban Blight, Economic Exclusion of the Inner City. 97. Moving Toward Sustainable Cities - What Makes Cities Livable, Reining in Urban Sprawl, Refocusing on Cities, Making Communities Sustainable. 98. Epilogue. 99. ABC Video Case Studies.

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