CANAL AND RIVER LEVEES

Chapter 1: General problems of dam design and construction. 1.1 The distinction between dams and levees. 1.2 The situation of embankments and related problems. 1.3 Loading condition and the influences of water. 1.4 Construction materials. 1.5 Sealing materials. 1.6 Choice of materials and placement. 1.7 Laboratory tests, field trials and control. 1.8 Hydraulic fills dams. 1.9 Particular problems in Canal embankments and levees. Chapter 2: Seepage. 2.1 Basic characteristic and relations. 2.2 A homogeneous embankments on an impermeable subsoil. 2.3 Embankments with sealing elements and those on a permeable subsoil. 2.4 Seepage from channels. 2.5 Collection and removal of seepage water. 2.6 Basic problems of unsteady seepage. 2.7 Determination of seepage through experimental methods. 2.8 Some precise and particular calculations. 2.9 Problems and practical calculations of pressure and seepage out of canals. Chapter 3: Stability calculations and embankments settlement. 3.1 Stress, deformation and soil failure. 3.2 Calculation slope stability. 3.3 Calculation the stability of protecting layers and covers. 3.4 Stability with changing pore water pressures. 3.5 Assessing stability using deformations and stresses across the whole embankment profile. 3.6 The stability of embankments foundations. 3.7 Settlement and bearing capacity of soil beneath embankments. 3.8 Programming for computers and new design procedures. Chapter 4: Construction of embankments and their various concrete structures. 4.1 Cross-section and structural details of canals embankments. 4.2 Typical sections of levees. 4.3 Subsidiary structures on canal embankments and levees. 4.4 Structures allowing the crossing flows and communication linkage. 4.5 The line taken by embankment. Chapter 5: Power-and irrigation canal sealing. 5.1 Requirements of sealing. 5.2 Earth sealing. 5.3 Concrete sealing. 5.4 Reinforced and prefabricated sealing. 5.5 Asphalt-concrete sealing. 5.6 Sealings with foils from synthetic materials. 5.7 Evaluation and construction of canal sealing. Chapter 6: The sealing and subsoil protection of levees. 6.1 Design. 6.2 Active subsoil protection. 6.3 Vertical sealing and passive protection elements. 6.4 Horizontal sealing elements. 6.5 Drain operational and its influence. 6.6 Structures of drains, filters and casing of wells. 6.7 Computation of seepage and allowable gradients according to classical theories of water flow. 6.8 Stability of soil and its resistance characteristics. 6.9 Filtration deformation and their origin. 6.10 Remarks concerning antiseepage elements and protection of the sub-base. Chapter 7: Measurements and conservation of dams and levees. 7.1 General requirements and methods. 7.2 Measures of displacement of the soil earthworks. 7.3 Measurement of stresses and pore pressures. 7.4 Hydraulic measurements and special types of observation. 7.5 Stable instrumentation and telecontrol of instruments. 7.6 Soil testing and control. 7.7 Water resource information in a river basin and the location of instruments. 7.8 Inspection and measurement devices on canal embankment do and levees.

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