A HISTORY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Chapter 1: The ancient world. 1. Canals and roads. 2. Bridges and buildings. 3. Ship building and harbour construction. 4. Ancient engineering science-Archimedes. 5. Engineers, contractors and building sites of the ancient world. Chapter 2: The Middle Ages. 1. The vaulting methods of the Romanesque and Gothic periods. 2. Transport roads and bridges of the Middle Ages. 3. Theoretical mechanics and static's in the scholastic age. Chapter 3: The basic problems of static and the beginning of the theory of the strength of materials. 1. Leonardo da Vinci and the mathematics of the Renaissance-Simon Stevin. 2. Galileo Galilie. 3. French and English scientific of the seventeenth century. 4. The mathematicians of the rationalist age. Chapter 4: The building techniques of the renaissance and Baroque. 1. The engineers of the Italian renaissance: Buildings bridges and fortifications. 2. Theoretical aids: Mathematical and geometrical rules. 3. Mechanical aids: buildings machinery and plant. 4. A "Civil Engineer" of the sixteenth century: Domenico Fontana. Chapter 5: The advent of "Civil Engineering" 1. Knowledge of building materials: first test of their strength. 2. Static applied to practical construction: Statically analysis of St.Peter's Dome, Rome-Polemics between theoreticians and practicians. 3. "Genie" and civil engineers in France-Engineering literature of the eighteenth century. 4. Hydraulics and hydraulic engineering in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. 5. Engineering specifications in the eighteenth century. Chapter 6: The origins of structural analysis in France. 1. Vaults and domes. 2. Coulomb. 3. Navier. 4. The development of theoretical mechanics. Chapter 7: The industrialization of European culture. 1. The industrial revolution in England: Coal, steam engine and railways. 2. A new building materials: Iron and steel. 3. Structural and engineering and "architecture" part company. Chapter 8: Civil engineering during the nineteenth century. 1. Hydraulic engineering dams tunnels compressed air foundations. 2. Origin of graphic static: application to steel truss bridges. 3. Cement and reinforced concrete. 4. The mechanization of building techniques. Chapter 9: The present. 1. Recent developments in the sphere of structural analysis. 2. The influences of engineering construction on modern architecture: The technical style. 3. Retrospect- the limitations of the analytical approach to structural engineering.

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