DESIGN CRITERIA & STANDARDS FOR WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS VOL.II

PHOTOCOPY

SECTION 7 - INTAKE WORKS -- 7.1 CRITERIA 7.1.1 Quantity of Water to be Abstracted at Intake 7.1.2 Reliability of Source7.1.3 Raw Water Quality 7.1.4 Intake Aqueducts7.1.5 Grit Chamber7.1.6 Screens 7.1.7 Suction Pipe Strainer Opening 7.1.8 Pump Sump Volumes 7.1.9 Raw Water Pumping Main 7.2 STANDARDS -- 7.2.1 Requisites of Surface Water Intakes 7.2.2 Site Considerations for River Intakes 7.2.3 Types of Intakes 7.2.4 Components of a River Intake Works 7.2.5 River Bank and Intake Structure Protection 7.2.6 Weirs and Other Structures Across Rivers 7.2.7 Intake Structure 7.2.8 Aqueducts Connecting the Intake Structure to the Pump Sump 7.2.9 Pump Sump Design 7.2.10 Raw Water Pumping Mains 7.2.11 Requisites of Ground Water Abstraction Points 7.3 EXAMPLES ON THE USE OF INTAKE WORKS FORMULAE -- 7.3.1 Sizing of Grit Chamber 7.3.2 Sizing of Open Channel Aqueduct 7.3.3 Sizing bf Pump Sump APPENDIX PUMP SUMP FEATURES. SECTION 8 AERATORS AND MIXING DEVICES -- 8.1 AERATORS -- 8.1.1 General 8.1.2 Efficiency of Aeration 8.1.3 Types of Aerators 8.1.4 Circular Cascade Aerators 8.1.5 Example on the Design of a Cascade Aerator 8.2 MIXING 8.2.1 General 8.2.2 Mixing Flume 8.2.3 Weir 8.2.4 Flash Mixer 8.2.5 Mechanical Mixer 8.2.6 Example on the Design of a Mixing Flume 8.3 COAGULANT DOSING POINTS. SECTION 9 - FLOCCULATION AND SEDIMENTATION TANKS -- 9.1 FLOCCULATION TANKS -- 9.1.1 General 9.1.2 Velocity Gradient 9.1.3 Design of Flocculation Tanks 9.1.4 Size and Shape of Flocculation Tanks 9.1.5 Types of Flocculation Tanks 9.1.6 Round-The-End-Type Baffled Flocculation Tanks 9.1.7 Up-And-Down Type Baffled Flocculation Tanks 9.1.8 Mechanical Flocculators. 9.2 SEDIMENTATION TANKS -- 9.2.1 General 9.2.2 Principles of Horizontal Flow Sedimentation Tanks 9.2.3 Rectangular Hor~zonta1 Flow Sedimentation Tanks 9.2.4 "Lovo' Tank 9.2.5 Inclined Parallel Plate Settler or Tube Settler Sedimentation Tanks 9.2.6 Vertical Flow Sedimentation Tanks 9.2.7 Choice of Sedimentation Tanks 9.2.8 Sludge Handling 9.2.9 Sludge Disposal SECTION 10 - FILTERS -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION 10.2 OBJECTIVE 10.3 TYT'ES OF FILTERS 10.4 SLOW SAND FILTERS -- 10.4.1 Prerequisites 10.4.2 Basic Components 10.4.3 Filtration Rate 10.4.4 Filter Tanks 10.4.5 Filter Sand 10.4.6 Gravel Support Layer 10.4.7 Filter Underdrain 10.4.8Filter Flow Control and Measurement 10.4.9 Filter Pipeworks 10.4.10 Operation of Valves 10.4.11 Filter Instrumentation 10.5 RAPID SAND FILTERS -- 10.5.1 Basic Components 10.5.2 Filtration Rate 10.5.3 Filter Tank 10.5.4 Filter Sand 10.5.5 Gravel Support Layer 10.5.6 Underdrain System 10.5.7 Backwash System 10.5.8 Backwash Supply 10.5.9 Wash Water Outlet Channel 10.5.10 Filter Channel and Pipeworks 10.5.11 Operation of Valves and Penstocks 10.5.12 Filter Flow Control 10.5.13 Instrumentation 10.6 HIGH RATE FILTERS -- 10.7 COURSE SINGLE-MEDIUM FILTER -- 10.7.1 Filtration Rate 10.7.2 Filter Medium 10.7.3 Backwash System 10.7.4 Underdrain System 10.8 DUAL-MEDIA FILTER -- 10.8.1 Filtration Rate 10.8.2 Filter Media 10.8.3 Filter Depth 10.8.4 Backwash System 10.8.5 Applicability 10.9 MULTI-MEDIA FILTERS 10.10 DIRECT FILTRATION FILTERS 10.10.1 Prerequisites 10.10.2 Design Requirements of Filters 10.10.3 Operational Factors 10.10.4 Advantages and Disadvantages. 10.11 RAPID SAND PRESSURE FILTERS -- 10.11.1 Basic Components 10.11.2 Filtration Rate 10.11.3 Filter Tank 10.11.4 Filter Sand and Gravel Support layer 10.11.5 Underdrain System 10.11.6 Backwash System 10.11.7 Backwash Supply 10.11.8 Filter Control Valves and Pipeworks 10.11.9 Operation of Valves 10.11.10 Air Release Valves 10.11.11 Filter Flow Control 10.11.12 Instrumentation 10.12 HIGH RATE PRESSURE FILTERS -- SECTION 11 - TREATMENT PLANT LAYOUT -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION 11.2 LOCATION OF TREATMENT PLANT -- 11.2.1 General 11.2.2 Planning and Environmental Constrains 11.2.3 Plant Design Factors 11.2.4 Site Factors 11.2.5 Environmental Factor 11.3 PLANT LAYOUT 11.3.1 General 11.3.2 General Arrangement of the Water Treatment Facilities 11.3.3 External Works Design Criteria l1.3.4 Structural Design Criteria 11.3.5 Architectural Design Criteria 11.3.6 Safety Considerations 11.3.7 Treatment Plant Finishes 1l.3.8 Plant Utilities 11.4 OPERATIONS BUILDING 11.4.1 General 11.4.2 Design Criteria and Consideration 1l.5 CHEMICAL DOSING FACILITIES AND STORE -- 11.5.1 General 11.5.2 Design Criteria and Consideration 11.6 TREATED WATER TANK AND TREATED WATER PUMPING STATION -- 11.6.1 General 11.6.2 Design Criteria and Consideration 11.7 WASH WATER TANK -- 11.7.1 General 11.7.2 Design Criteria and Consideration 11.8 SLUDGE, FILTER WASTE WASHWATER DISPOSAL 11.9 QUARTERS 11.10 GENERATOR HOUSE/ELECTRICITY SUPPLY SUBSTATION 11.10. Generator House -- 11.l0.2 Electricity Supply Substation APPENDIX--SCHEDULE OF INTERNAL FINISHES AND VENTILATION. SECTION 12 - MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATIONS -- 12.1 INTRODUCTION 12.2 PUMPS ETS AND PUMPING SYSTEMS 12.3 PLANNED WATER QUANTITY AND NUMBER OF PUMP UNIT 12.4 PUMP SELECTION -- 12.4.1 General 12.4.2 Classification of Pimps 12.4.3 Capacity 12.4.4 Power of Efficiency 12.4.5 Specific Speed and Pump Type 12.4.6 Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) and Cavitation 12.5 DATA REQUIRED. FOR PUMP PURCHASED 12.6 PUMPS CHARACTERISTICS CURVES 12.7 AFFINITY LAWS 12.8 SYSTEM CURVES 12.8.1 Static System Head 12.8.2 Dynamic System Head (TDH) 12.9 PARALLEL OPERATION 12.10 MISCELLANEOUS CONSIDERATIONS -- 12.10.1 Sump Design 12.10.2 Piping Design 12.10.3 Valves 12.10.4 Arrangement 12.11 PUMPS CONTROL 12.12 PRIME MOVER SELECTION AND TYPES -- 12.12.1 Motors 12.12.2 Diesel Engines 12.13 SELECTION OF DRIVES FOR PUMPSETS 12.14 PUMPSETS PLINTH -- 12.14.l Special Design of Plinths for Pumpsets and Generators 12.14.2 Vibration Damping Using Isolators 12.15 SURGE SUPPRESSION PLANT -- 12.15.1 Example on Preliminary Calculation on Sizing of Surge Vessel 12.16 CRITERIA AND STANDARDS FOR INSTRUMENTATION -- 12.16.1 CHEMICAL DOSING EOUIPMENT -- 12.17.1 Liquid Feeders 12.17.2 Machine Dry Chemical Feeders 12.17.3 Chemical Dosers 12.17.4 Chlorination System 12.17.5 Chlorine Leak Detector 12.17.6 Emergency Safety Shower and Eyewash 12.17.7 Exhaust Faus 12.18 FILTRATION EQUIPMENT -- 12.18.1 Washwater Pumpset 12.18.2 Air Blower 12.18.3 Filter Control 12.19 MECHANICAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT -- 12.19.1 General 12.19.2 Hand Trolley 12.19.3 Forklift 12.19.4 Cranes 12.19.5 Other Lifting Devices. SECTION 13 - ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATIONS -- 13.1 INTRODUCTION 13.2 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN WATER TREATMENT PLANTS -- 13.2.1 Motors and Application in Water Treatment Plants 13.3 A.C. M&TORS -- 13.3.1 General Specification13.3.2 Motors 13.3.3 Type of Motor Enclosures 13.3.4 Motor Insulation 13.3.5 Motor Bearing 13.3.6 Coupling 13.3.7 Performances 13.4 ELECTRICAL MOTOR STARTERS -- 13.4.1 Starter Board 13.5 CONTROL STRATEGIES 13.6 A.C. MOTORS PROTECTION -- 13.6.1 Overload Protection of Motors 13.6.2 Short Circuit Protection 13.6.3 Single Phasing in 3 - Phase Motors 13.6.4 Overheating Protection Device 13.7 SIZING OF MOTOR -- 13.7.1 Head on A Pump 13.7.2 Pump Output 13.8 RATING OF CABLES FOR MOTOR WINDING -- l3.8.1 Motor Wiring Table 13.9 GENERATOR -- 13.9.1 Sizing of Generator 13.9.2 Generator Room / House 13.10 GENERAL LIGHTING AND POWER 13.11 INTERNAL ELECTRICAL WIRING 13.12 EXTERNAL LIGHTING 13.13 MAIN SWITCH BOARDS I SUB-SWITCH BOARDS DISTRIBUTION FUSE BOARDS, ETC. 13.14 LIGHTING PROTECTION SYSTEM.

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