IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT PLANNING: AN INTRODUCTION FOR ENGINEERS

1. Introduction: Planning Of Irrigation Development: / J. R. Rydzewski 1.1 Irrigation Development 1.2 The Project 1.3 The Project Cycle 1.4 Project Identification 1.5 Feasibility Studies 1.6 Implementation And Operation 1.7 Monitoring And Evaluation References 2. Estimation Of Surface Water Resources : / P. R. Helliwell 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Advances In Hydrological Measurement 2.2.1 River Flow Measurement 2.2.2 Precipitation Measurement 2.2.3 Climate Measurement 2.2.4 Evaporation Measurement And Estimation 2.2.5 The Role Of Soil Moisture 2.3 Yield Of Catchments 2.3.1 Analysis Of River Records 2.3.2 Low Flow 2.3.3 Hydrological Budget 2.4 Yield Of Reservoirs 2.4.1 Simulation 2.4.2 Analytical Approaches - Probability Matrix 2.5 The Quality Of Surface Waters 3. Estimation Of Groundwater Resources : / W. B. Wilkinson 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Groundwater Occurrences And The Hydrological Cycle 3.2.1 Unconsolidated Sediments 3.2.2 Porous Rocks 3.2.3 Fractured Rocks 3.2.4 Acceptability Of Groundwater As A Resource 3.2.4 Hydrological Cycle And Groundwater Balance 3.3 Investigations Leading To Resource Assessment 3.3.1 Desk Study And Field Reconnaissance 3.3.2 Field Instrumentation And Systematic Data Collection 3.3.3 large-scale Pumping Tests Or Pilot-Scale Works 3.3.4 First-Stage Development And long-term Monitoring 3.4 Groundwater Development And Irrigation 3.4.1 Water Supply For Irrigation 3.4.2 Groundwater As A Primary Source For Irrigation 3.4.3 Groundwater As A Supplementary Source For Irrigation 3.4.4 Groundwater Development For Land Drainage And Salinity Control 3.4.5 Economic Comparison Of Groundwater With Surface Water Irrigation 4. Land Resource Assessment For Irrigation : / A. J. B. Mitchell 4.1 The Objects Of Land Evaluation 4.2 Matching Survey To The Requirements 4.2.1 Types Of Soil Survey And Their Users 4.2.2 Survey Scales 4.2.3 Survey Intensity 4.2.4 'Depth' Of Survey 4.2.5 The Requirements Of Soil Survey Users 4.3 Quantification In Soil Surveys 4.3.1 Soil Measurements 4.3.2 Soil Measure Relationships 4.3.3 Quantification In Soil Mapping And Reporting 4.3.4 The Cost Of Soil Survey 4.4 The Remote Sensing 4.4.1 Sensors 4.4.2 Platforms 4.4.3 Image Processing 5. Estimation Of Irrigation Water Requirements : / Z. J. Svehlik 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Irrigation Water Requirements 5.2.1 Peak Irrigation 5.3 An Analysis Of The Components Of The IWR Equation 5.3.1 Evapotranspiration 5.3.2 Modifications And Further Development Of The Penman Equation 5.3.3 Some Other Empirical Formulae 5.3.4 Evaluation Of The Et Methods 5.3.5 Actual Evaporation 5.3.6 Effective Precipitation 5.3.7 Soil Moisture Recharge From Groundwater Table 5.3.8 Carry-Over Soil Moisture 5.4 Efficiency Of Water Use 6. Estimation Of Irrigation System Capacity : / Z. J. Svehlik 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Estimation Of Water Supply 6.2.1 Design Value Of Irrigation Water Requirement 6.2.2 Probability Concept 6.3 Evaluation Of System Capacity With Respect To Operational Requirements 6.3.1 Methods Of Water Delivery 7. Social Aspects Of Irrigation Development : / E. D. Gordon 7.1 Contents And Viewpoints 7.2 Development And Change 7.2.1 Nature Of Development 7.2.2 Dimensions Of Change 7.3 Understanding And Handling Transition 7.3.1 Communities 7.3.2 Farming Systems 7.3.3 Achieving Change 7.3.4 Planning 7.4 Cautions 7.4.1 Irrigation Characteristics And Implications 7.4.2 Land Tenure And Laws 7.4.3 Farm Economy 7.4.4 Farm Labour And Power 7.4.5 Community Action 7.4.6 Institutional Matters 8. Health Aspects Of Irrigation Developments : / P. F. Hillman 8.1 Preamble 8.2 Health Impact Assessment 8.3 Vector-Borne Parasitic Diseases 8.3.1 Schistosomiasis ( Bilharziasis ) 8.3.2 Malaria 8.3.3 Filariasis 8.3.4 Onchocerciasis 8.4 Reuse Of Sewage Effluents 8.4.1 Implications For Public Health 8.4.2 Reuse In Agriculture 8.4.3 Municipal Reuse 9. Irrigation Project Appraisal : / J. R. Rydzewski 9.A Outline Of Appraisal 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Cost-Benefits Analysis ( CBA ) 9.3 Discounted Cash Flow ( DCF ) 9.4 Discounting And Cost-Benefits Analysis 9.5 Data For Project Analysis 9.6 Identification Of Costs And Benefits 9.7 Valuation Of Inputs And Outputs 9.7.1 Valuation Of Unskilled Labour 9.8 The Unit Of Account, Or Numeraire 9.9 The Discount Rate 9.10 Financial, Economic And Social Analysis 9.10.1 Financial Analysis 9.10.2 Economic ( Efficiency ) Analysis 9.10.3 Social Analysis 9.11 Implications 9.B Some Practical Implications 9.12 Introduction 9.13 Project Appraisal - Illustrative Example 9.13.1 Project Costs 9.13.2 Project Benefits 9.14 Derivation Of Border Prices : An Illustration 9.15 Analysis Of Long-Life Projects 9.16 Sensitivity And Risk Analysis 9.16.1 Sensitivity Analysis 9.16.2 Risks Analysis 9.17 Cost-Effectiveness 9.18 Cost Of Irrigation Water 9.18.1 Data 9.18.2 Calculations 10. Project Technology And Project Operation : / J. R. Rydzewski 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Technical Features Of Irrigation Projects And Some Of Their Management And Operation Implications 10.2.1 Headworks 10.2.2 Distribution System 10.2.3 Water Application 10.3 Financial Implications 10.4 General Comments 10.4.1 Further Reading 11. The Feasibility Report : / C. L. Clarke 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Layout Of A Feasibility Report 11.3 The Feasibility Study Teams 11.3.1 The Field Team 11.3.2 The Head Office Team 11.4 Collection And Analysis Of Main Data 11.4.1 Topography 11.4.2 Ground Investigations 11.4.3 Water Resources Investigations 11.5 Agricultural Practices And Marketing 11.5.1 Survey Of Agricultural Practices 11.5.2 Identification Of Variable Activities 11.5.3 Agricultural Proposals 11.6 Consideration Of Social, Political And Environmental Features 11.6.1 Social And Political Aspects 11.6.2 Ecology And Environment 11.7 Engineering 11.7.1 Surveys 11.7.2 Scheme Design Criteria 11.7.3 Alternatives 11.7.4 Flood Protection And River Training 11.7.5 Roads And Other Infrastructure 11.7.6 Cost Estimates 11.8 Economic And Financial Appraisal 11.8.1 National Level 11.8.2 Project Level 11.8.3 Farm Level 11.8.4 Different Types Of Economists Required 11.8.5 Analysis Of Economic And Financial Data 11.9 Organization And Management 11.10 Recommendations And Conclusions Of The Feasibility Report 11.11 Recapitulation Of Major Issues To Be Considered

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