ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE PROJECTS/ T.C. DOUGHERTY

1. Introduction. 1.1 The need for environmental assessment. 1.2 Objective. 1.3 Using the guide. 2. The context of environmental analysis. 2.1 Policy framework. 2.2 Social context. 2.3 Institutional framework and EIA 2.4 Legal framework for EIA 2.5 Building institutional capacity. 2.5.1 To carry out an EIA. 2.5.2 To implement the recommendations of an EIA. 3. EIA process. 3.1 Resources 3.2 Screening 3.3 Scooping 3.4 Prediction and mitigation 3.5 Management and monitoring. 3.6 Auditing 3.7 Public participation 3.8 Managing uncertainty. 3.9 Techniques. 3.9.1 Baseline studies. 3.9.2 The ICID checklist. 3.9.3 Matrices 3.9.4 Network diagrams. 3.9.5 Overlays. 3.9.6 Mathematical modeling 3.9.7 Expert advice. 3.9.8 Economics techniques. 3.10 Final report- environmental impact statement. 4. Major impacts of irrigation and drainage projects. 4.1 Hydrology. 4.1.1 Low flow regin 4.1.2 Flood regine. 4.1.3 Operations dams 4.1.4 Fall of water table. 4.1.5 Rise of water table. 4.2 Water and air quality. 4.2.1 Solute dispersion. 4.2.2 Toxic substances. 4.2.3 Agrochemical pollution. 4.2.4 Anaerobic effects. 4.2.5 Gas emissions 4.3 Soil properties and salinity effects. 4.3.1 Soil salinity. 4.3.2 Soil properties 4.3.3 Saline groundwater 4.3.4 Saline drainage. 4.3.5 Saline intrusion. 4.4 Erosion and sedimentation. 4.4.1 Local erosion. 4.4.2 Hinterland effect. 4.4.3 River morphology 4.4.4 Channel structures 4.4.5 Sedimentation 4.4.6 Estuary erosion. 4.5. Biological and ecological change. 4.5.1 Project lands. 4.5.2 Water bodies. 4.5.3 Surroundings area. 4.5.4 Valleys and shores. 4.5.5 Wetlands and plains. 4.6 Socio-economics impacts. 4.6.1 Population change. 4.6.2 Income and amenity. 4.6.3 Human migration 4.6.4 Resettlements. 4.6.5 Women's role. 4.6.6 Minority groups. 4.6.7 Sites of value. 4.6.8 Regional effects 4.6.9 User involvement 4.6.10 Recreation. 4.7 Ecological imbalances. 4.7.1 Pests and weeds. 4.7.2 Animal diseases. 4.7.3 Aquatic weeds. 4.8 Human health. 4.8.1 Disease ecology. 4.8.2 Specific risks and counter measures. 4.8.3 Health opportunities. 5. Preparation of terms of references. 5.11 Determining study requirements. 5.2 Contents of the TOR. 6. References

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