SMALL HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES/ D. B. KRAATZ, I K. MAHAJAN

2. Irrigation network operation. 2.1 General considerations. 2.2 Entirely manually operated systems 2.3 Hydro-Mechanically automated flow control. System. 2.4 Electrically-electronically automated flow control. 2.5 Manual versus automated control 2.6 Water distribution on the farm. 3. Intake structures. 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Intakes of small canals (Punjab type) 3.3 Silt selective head intake. 3.4 Constant-head orifice (CHO) intake. 3.5 Neyrpic orifice module intake. 3.6 Double orifice module intake 3.7 Open intake structures made of pre-cast reinforced concrete (U.S.S.R) 3.8 Intake structures discharging into a flume channel (U.S.S.R). 3.9 Pipe regulator with crossing into a flume channel (U.S.S.R). 3.10 Pipe regulator with crossing made of Pre-cast reinforced concrete (U.S.S.R) 3.11 Intake structure on secondary canals (Colombia). 3.12 Gate valve intake (Czechoslovakia) 3.13Venturi head intake 3.14Square-head intake. 3.15 Dupuis canal intake. 3.16 Intake with stone meshes weir (Australia) 3.17 Groyne intake and ancillary works (Cyprus) 3.18 King's silt vanes. 3.19 Gibbs Groyne. 3.20 Curved wing with silt vanes. 3.21 Reverse vanes 3.22 Vortex Tube sand trap. 3.23 Slopping. 4. Flow dividing structures. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Fixed proportional divisors. 4.3 Structures with adjustable splitter 4.4 Proportional distributors. 4.5 Division or diversion boxes. 5. Outlets or farm turnouts. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Constant- heads orifice farms turnout (U.S.A) 5.3 Neyrpic orifice module (France) 5.4 Double orifice module or siphon module. 5.5 Dethridge meter (Australia). 5.6 Plastic siphon outlets fitted with an intake tube (Turkey) 5.7 Open flume outlets (India and Pakistan) 5.8 Adjustable orifice semi- module (India and Pakistan) 5.9 Jamrao type orifice semi- module (Sind-Pakistan) 5.10 Pipe semi-module (India-Pakistan) 5.11 Fayoum standard weir farm outlet (Arab republic of Egypt) 5.12 Scratchily outlet(India-Pakistan) 5.13 Pipe outlets(India and Pakistan) 5.14 Farm outlet(U.S.S.R) 5.15 Pre-cast farm turnout(Turkey) 5.16 Adjustable weir farm outlets(Malaysia) 5.17 PVC pipe turnout(Republic of Korea) 5.18 Pipe outlets (Philippines) 5.19 Gated pipe outlet(Ferrara type,Italy) 5.20 Outlet structures on the farm.

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