AUTOMATION OF CANAL IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

1. Automation: An Efficient Way To Improve Irrigation System Operation 1.1 Canal System Operation 1.1.1 Objectives 1.1.2 The Problems 1.1.3 A Solution 1.2 Traditional Local Manual Control 1.3 General Features And Advantages Of Automation 2. Control System Configurations 2.1 Control Tasks Amenable to Automation 2.2 System Configuration 2.2.1 General 2.2.2 Distributed Automatic Control 2.2.3 Centralised Automatic Control 2.2.4 Distributed Automatic Control under Master Supervisory Control 3. Control Logics For Distributed Automatic Control 3.1 Definitions 3.2 Upstream Control 3.3 Downstream Control 3.3.1 General Features 3.3.2 Close Downstream Control 3.3.3 Distant Downstream Control 3.4 Related Level Control 3.5 Combinations Of Distributed Automatic Control In Parallel (Mixed Control) 3.6 Combination Of Distributed Automatic Control In Series 4. Control Methods And Logics For Centralised Automatic Control 4.1 General Considerations 4.2 Scheduled Centralised Automatic Control 4.2.1 Principles 4.2.2 Logics 4.3 Real-Time Centralised Automatic Control 4.3.1 Principles 4.3.2 Logics 5. Distributed Automation: Passive Regulators 5.1 General Consideration 5.2 Passive Level Regulators 5.2.1 Long Crested Weirs 5.2.2 Level Limiting Devices 5.3 Passive Flow Regulators 5.3.1 Flow Dividers 5.3.2 Constant Flow Regulators: General Features 5.3.3 Constant Flow Regulators: Weir Type 5.3.4 Constant Flow Regulators: Orifice Type 5.3.5 Constant Flow Regulators: Modules 6. Distributed Automation: Control Gates And Associated Equipment 6.1 General Considerations 6.2 Conventional Water Control Gates 6.2.1 General 6.2.2 Leaf Gates 6.2.3 Radial Gates 6.2.4 Drop-Leaf Gates 6.2.5 Flap Gates 6.2.6 Overshot Versus Undershot Surface Gates 6.3 Automatic Controllers 6.3.1 General Principles 6.3.2 Usual Control Modes 6.3.3 Control Capabilities 6.3.4 Electro-Mechanical Controllers 6.3.5 Electronic Controllers 7. Distributed Automation: Self Operating Gates For Automatic Level Control 7.1 General Considerations 7.2 Counterbalanced drop-leaf Gates And Flap Gates 7.3 Float Operated Radial Gates With Direct Level Action 7.4 Float-Operated Radial Gates With Indirect Level Action 8. Instrumentation 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Sensors 8.2.1 General 8.2.2 Gate Position Sensors 8.2.3 Level Sensors 8.2.4 Flow Sensors 8.2.5 Interfaces 8.3 Communication Methods 8.3.1 General 8.3.2 Cable Methods 8.3.3 Radio Methods 8.3.4 Application 8.4 Equipment For Remote Monitoring And Control Master Stations 8.4.1 General 8.4.2 Components 8.4.3 Typical Configurations

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